Teja Singh Samundri Digital Heritage Archive1882–1926 · evidence-first digital heritage

Research chronology

Chronology

ਕਾਲਕ੍ਰਮ

33 documented events from 1882 to 2026. Each carries its evidence tier, and every entry has a stable link. Undated events are kept undated — placed in sequence, never given an invented year.

1882–2026readable without JavaScriptfilters are progressive enhancement

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Origins and institution-building, 1882–1920

  1. Life #

    Born at Rai ka Burj

    Tarn Taran tahsil, Amritsar district. Father Sardar Deva Singh; mother Nand Kaur.

    Claims: Date of birth A · Birthplace A · Parents A · Places: Rai ka Burj

  2. c. 1890s Life A (date approximate) #

    Family relocates to Chak 140 GB, Samundri tahsil

    On land assigned to Deva Singh in the Sandal Bar canal colonisation, Lyallpur district. The toponym “Samundri” comes from this move.

    Date approximate.

    Claims: Land assignment in the Sandal Bar A · The new village: Chak 140 GB B · Places: Chak 140 GB, Samundri tahsil, Lyallpur district

  3. Undated Life #

    Primary education only; deep self-education in Sikh texts

    Claims: Formal education and self-taught learning A

  4. Undated Life #

    Serves about three and a half years in the 22nd Cavalry, rank of Dafadar

    Follows his father into the army; resigns and returns to Chak 140 GB for reform work.

    Enlistment and discharge dates not established — Open Research Question OQ-6.

    Claims: Service in the 22nd Cavalry A

  5. Undated Institutions #

    Joins the Chief Khalsa Diwan

    Claims: Joined the Chief Khalsa Diwan A

  6. Undated Institutions #

    Founds the Khalsa Diwan Samundri; consolidates the Khalsa Diwan Bar

    Claims: Helped establish the Khalsa Diwan Samundri A · Consolidated the Khalsa Diwan Bar A · Places: Chak 140 GB, Samundri tahsil, Lyallpur district

  7. c. 1917 Institutions A (schools) / C (date) #

    Founds a Khalsa Middle School in his village and Sri Guru Gobind Singh Khalsa High School, Sarhali

    The schools are strongly documented; the c.1917 date rests on one centenary account.

    Claims: Founding two Khalsa schools A · Founding date of the schools (c.1917) C · Places: Sri Guru Gobind Singh Khalsa High School, Sarhali

The Gurdwara Reform Movement, 1920–1923

  1. Movement #

    The Akali daily launched from Lahore; Samundri among its founders

    Launched by Master Sundar Singh Lyallpuri, generally credited as its founder and driving force.

    Claims: One of the founders of the Akali A · Places: Lahore

  2. 1920 Movement #

    Rakab Ganj agitation; among the hundred volunteers

    Organises protest meetings against the demolition of the gurdwara’s boundary wall in Delhi.

    Claims: The Rakab Ganj agitation A · Places: Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib

  3. 1920–1925 Movement #

    One of the principal architects of the Gurdwara Reform Movement

    Claims: One of the principal architects of the Gurdwara Reform Movement A

  4. Institutions #

    SGPC founded — Samundri a founding member

    The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee is formed to bring Sikh shrines under democratic, elected management. He later rises to Vice-President.

    Claims: One of the founding members of the SGPC A · Vice-President of the SGPC A · Places: Sri Harmandir Sahib complex, Amritsar

  5. February 1921 Movement #

    Nankana Sahib massacre; Samundri nominated to the administering committee

    Claims: Nominated to the Nankana Sahib administering committee A · Places: Gurdwara Nankana Sahib

  6. 1921 Movement #

    ₹40,000 surety after the Akali’s Nankana coverage (family account)

    Family account — not independently documented.

    Claims: Surety, mortgage, and declined reimbursement (family account) D

  7. November 1921 – January 1922 Custody #

    Imprisoned — the Keys (Chabian) Morcha

    The government returns the keys of the Golden Temple treasury in January 1922, handed over to Baba Kharak Singh.

    Claims: The Keys (Chabian) Morcha A · Places: Sri Harmandir Sahib complex, Amritsar

  8. 1922 Movement A / C (chairmanship) #

    Guru ka Bagh Morcha — among the guiding voices

    Reportedly Chairman of the SGPC Council of Action (press only, unverified).

    The chairmanship claim is press-only — Open Research Question OQ-4.

    Claims: The Guru ka Bagh Morcha, 1922 A · Chairman, SGPC Council of Action at Guru ka Bagh C · National attention drawn by Guru ka Bagh B · The “durries” anecdote at Guru ka Bagh C · Places: Guru ka Bagh

  9. April 1923 Movement #

    Directs Akali jathas in communal peace work after Baisakhi riots

    Single centenary source — attributed only.

    Claims: Communal peace work, April 1923 C

  10. Movement #

    Reportedly among the Panj Pyare leading Kar Sewa of the Golden Temple sarovar

    Press-only — Open Research Question OQ-5.

    Claims: Among the Panj Pyare at the 1923 Kar Sewa C · Places: Sri Harmandir Sahib complex, Amritsar

  11. 1923 Institutions A (Punjab PCC) / B (others) #

    Vice-President, Shiromani Akali Dal; member, AICC; Vice-President, Punjab Provincial Congress Committee

    Claims: Vice-President, Punjab Provincial Congress Committee (1923) A · Vice-President, Shiromani Akali Dal (1923) B · Member, All-India Congress Committee (1923) B

  12. July 1923 Movement A (general history) #

    Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha forced to abdicate

    Claims: Jaito Morcha and the arrest of the fifty-nine A

Custody, the Act, and the refusal, 1923–1926

  1. Custody #

    Arrested — Jaito Morcha

    The SGPC and the Shiromani Akali Dal are declared unlawful; fifty-nine leaders are charged with waging war against the King.

    Claims: Jaito Morcha and the arrest of the fifty-nine A · Places: Jaito

  2. After October 1923 contested Custody #

    Shifted to Lahore Fort for trial (custody at death remains a contested, separate question)

    Trial venue only. The place of custody at death is contested — see OQ-2.

    Claims: Shifted to Lahore Fort for trial (a contested custody question is separate) B · Places: Lahore Fort (contested)

  3. c. 1924–25 Custody #

    Mortgages roughly 50 acres for ₹75,000 toward the SGPC’s Privy Council appeal (family account)

    Family account — not independently documented.

    Claims: Surety, mortgage, and declined reimbursement (family account) D

  4. 25 January 1925 contested Custody #

    Reportedly moved to Lahore Central Jail

    One account only; bears on the contested place of custody — see OQ-2.

    Claims: A reported transfer on 25 January 1925 C · Places: Lahore Central Jail (contested)

  5. Law #

    Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925 (Punjab Act VIII of 1925) receives the assent of the Governor-General

    Corrected 9 August 2026 from an earlier “9 July 1925” — Claim Change Log #1.

    Claims: The Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925 — assent and publication A

  6. Law #

    Act first published in the Punjab Gazette

    Claims: The Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925 — assent and publication A

  7. 1925 (date not established) Custody A (offer, refusal) / C (numbers; line-by-line study) #

    Conditional release offered to imprisoned leaders — Samundri refuses the undertaking

    He chooses to remain in custody rather than sign a personal undertaking to the colonial state.

    The date of the offer within 1925 is not established.

    Claims: Release offered on a written undertaking A · He refused the undertaking and remained in custody A · The numbers: thirty-one imprisoned, eleven refused C · Studied the Act’s clauses in prison C

  8. contested Custody A (date, custody) / B (cause) / C (circumstances) / X (exact place) #

    Dies in custody in Lahore, aged 44

    Reported cause: heart attack. Some accounts subsequently questioned the circumstances; the exact place of custody is contested.

    Exact place of custody contested — Open Research Question OQ-2.

    Claims: Date of death and age A · Circumstances of death B · Place of custody at death X · Questions raised about the circumstances of death C · Places: Lahore

Remembrance, 1926–2026

  1. Undated Legacy #

    Teja Singh Samundri Hall named in his memory, Golden Temple complex

    Houses the SGPC’s headquarters and administrative offices.

    The date of naming is not established in accessible sources.

    Claims: Teja Singh Samundri Hall A · Places: Sri Harmandir Sahib complex, Amritsar

  2. Legacy #

    Son Bishan Singh Samundri becomes founding Vice-Chancellor of Guru Nanak Dev University

    Claims: His son, founding Vice-Chancellor of GNDU A

  3. 1975 Legacy #

    Dr Piar Singh’s Punjabi biography published by GNDU

    Claims: The 1975 biography A

  4. B Well supported Legacy #

    A grandson’s essay on Samundri published in The Tribune

    Family-connected authorship — treated as attributed testimony throughout this archive.

  5. May 2026 Legacy #

    English translation of the Piar Singh biography released at GNDU

    Press sources give 4 and 5 May; the exact title is unverified.

    Claims: The 2026 English translation B

  6. Legacy #

    Death centenary — commemorations at Amritsar and Delhi

    Claims: The 2026 death centenary B · Places: Sri Harmandir Sahib complex, Amritsar, Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib

Undated and approximate entries

Where the sources give no date — his cavalry service, the Chief Khalsa Diwan, the naming of the Hall — the entry is placed in sequence and marked “Undated” rather than given an invented year. Where a date is approximate it is written with “c.”, and the approximation is itself noted in the caveat.

Cite this page
Permanent URL
https://tejasinghsamundri.org/chronology/
Chicago
“Chronology.” Teja Singh Samundri Digital Heritage Archive. Reviewed September 10, 2026. https://tejasinghsamundri.org/chronology/.
MLA
“Chronology.” Teja Singh Samundri Digital Heritage Archive, September 10, 2026, https://tejasinghsamundri.org/chronology/.
Plain text
Chronology — Teja Singh Samundri Digital Heritage Archive — https://tejasinghsamundri.org/chronology/ (page last reviewed 2026-09-10)
BibTeX
@misc{tsschronology2026,
  title = {Chronology},
  howpublished = {Teja Singh Samundri Digital Heritage Archive},
  year = {2026},
  month = {sep},
  url = {https://tejasinghsamundri.org/chronology/},
  note = {Page last reviewed 2026-09-10}
}
Last reviewed

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